今天呢,我们主要探讨一下如何从coherence and cohesion(一致与衔接)的角度提高作文的分数,增加文章的逻辑性。
首先我们来看一下官方对一致与衔接提出的要求:
9分:
uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention
skillfully manages paragraphing
8分:
sequences information and ideas logically
manages all aspects of cohesion well
uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately
7分:
logically organizes information and ideas;there is clear progression throughout
uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use
6分:
arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression
uses cohesive devices effectively,but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical
may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
仔细阅读完官方要求我们会发现,所谓的逻辑性和文章的衔接,绝不是简单的firstly;secondly…观点的罗列,而是要在无形中表达出前后文的联系。下面,我们来一起学习一下增加文章逻辑性的小窍门。
一.衔接词法
给文章添加衔接词,是最直观同学们掌握的方法,通过逻辑衔接词,可以最清晰的表明前后句和前后段的关系。常用的逻辑衔接词有:
表示并列:in addition;similarly;likewise;as well as;besides;furthermore;moreover
表示顺序:first;initially;secondly;next;following this;afterward
表示结果:as a result;thus;therefore;consequently;in that case;admittedly
表示转折:however;on the other hand;despite;in spite of;though;
表示原因:since;because;due to;owing to;the reason why
二.代词指代
写文章的时候,如果我们需要重复提到同一个名词,我们可以利用代词来指代前文提到的对象,这样既可以避免语言的重复,又可以加强前后文的逻辑性;我们来看一个例子:
The consumption of chicken overtook the consumption of lamb in 1980 and the consumption of beef in 1989。
整个句子写出来,大家会发现consumption出现了三次特别啰嗦。考官是怎么带入的呢?考官在这个用了that做替换。
The consumption of chicken overtook that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989。
其中that既代替了consumption避免了语言的重复。又起到了很好的指代作用,指代前端的consumption。文章的前后衔接性也因此增强了。
三.立场一致
我们来看一道例题:Volunteer work organized by middle schools brings more benefits than problems.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
如果文章整体论证的内容为年轻人应该去做义工,而开头段论述观点的时候说成了“做义工虽然有好处,但是它优缺点”,那么和主体部分论述内容就不一致了,所以同学们一定要注意立场和论述的一致性。
以上就是为同学们提供的,增加文章逻辑性的方法,同学们可以读一些范文,观察一下考官对于代词,衔接词的使用,以及文章中心句和对于论点的展开,从而加深对于这些方法的理解,同学们赶快实践起来吧